A flexible air separation process: 1. Design and steady-state optimizations

The flexible operation of energy-intensive processes, such as cryogenic air separation, has economic potential due to increasing fluctuations of the electricity markets. Multiproduct air separation processes with high ratios of liquid product are very promising for flexible operation due to storable products. We present a process design with an integrated liquefication cycle and liquid assist operation, that facilitates a high liquid product ratio and a flexible process operation. We use a mechanistic dynamic process model in steady-state process optimizations covering the wide operational range of the proposed process. The optimization results show that the power demand can be varied in a range from 3.5 to 28 MW without violating operational constraints by changing the nitrogen and oxygen production rates. Thus, the proposed process is a promising air separation candidate for flexible operation with respect to fluctuating electricity markets.     

Clean hydrogen production in a full biological microbial electrolysis cell

The recent interest in microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) technology has led the research platform to develop full biological MECs (bioanode-biocathode, FB-MEC). This study focused on biohydrogen production from a biologically catalyzed MEC. A bioanode and a biocathode were initially enriched in a half biological MFC (bioanode-abiocathode, HB-MFC) and a half biological MEC (abioanode-biocathode, HB-MEC), respectively. The FB-MEC was established by transferring the biocathode of the HB-MEC and the bioanode of the HB-MFC to a two-chamber MEC. The FB-MEC was operated under batch (FB-MEC-B) and recirculation batch (FB-MEC-RB) modes of operation in the anodic chamber. The FB-MEC-B reached a maximum current density of 1.5 A/m² and the FB-MEC-RB reached a maximum current density of 2.5 A/m² at a similar applied voltage while the abiotic control system showed the maximum of 0.2 A/m². Hydrogen production rate decreased in the FB-MEC compared to that of the HB-MEC. However, the cathodic hydrogen recovery increased from 42% obtained in the HB-MEC to 56% in the FB-MEC-B and 65% in the FB-MEC-RB, suggesting the efficient oxidation and reduction rates in the FB-MEC compared to the HB-MEC. The onset potential for hydrogen evolution reaction detected by linear sweep voltammetry analysis were −0.780 and −0.860 V vs Ag/AgCl for the FB-MEC-RB and the FB-MEC-B (−1.26 for the abiotic control MEC), respectively. Moreover, the results suggested that the FB-MEC worked more efficiently when the biocathode and the bioanode were enriched initially in half biological systems before transferring to the FB-MEC compared to that of the simultaneously enriched in one system.     

Low voltage operating organic light emitting transistors with efficient charge blocking layer

Charge injection/blocking layers play important roles in the performances of organic electronic devices. Their incorporation into organic light emitting transistors has been limitted, due to generally high operating voltages (above 60 V) of these devices. In this work, two hole blocking molecules are integrated into tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq₃) based light emitting transistors under operating voltage as low as 5 V. The effects of hole blocking and electron injection are decoupled through the differences in the energy levels. Significantly improved optical performance is achieved with the molecule of suitable energy level for electron injection. Surprisingly, a decreased performance is observed in the case of another hole blocking molecule evidencing that charge injection overweighs charge blocking in this device architecture.     

三门峡水库汛期排沙效果研究

三门峡水库汛期排沙是解决泥沙淤积问题、控制潼关高程的关键途径。"蓄清排浑"运用以来,非汛期蓄水期库区发生淤积、汛期降低水位运用排泄全年泥沙,基本保持了库区动态冲淤平衡。不同控制水位和入库流量过程存在不同的排沙效果,针对三门峡水库汛期排沙过程的差异,对"蓄清排浑"运用以来汛期排沙特征进行统计,分析了水库敞泄和不同控制水位运用对排沙效果的影响。结果表明,在汛期平水305 m、洪水敞泄的运用条件下,水库排沙具有多来多排的特点,汛期排沙总量与入库含沙量和水量密切相关;完全敞泄时库区冲刷取决于流量大小和敞泄时间,净排沙效率随着水量的增加和敞泄时间的延长而减小,冲刷效率降低;汛期控制运用期,当流量在1000 m~3/s以上时、水位在305～311 m也会产生一定的排沙,排沙效果取决于含沙水流在壅水段的滞留时间和出入库流量之比。研究成果可为三门峡水库运用方式的优化提供依据。     

Large eddy simulation of a 660 MW utility boiler under variable load conditions

Large eddy simulation (LES) has become a promising tool for pulverized coal combustion with the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technologies in recent years. LES can better capture the unsteady features and turbulent structures of coal jet flame than Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS). The coal-fired power plants in China are now required to be operated in a wide load range and quickly respond to the electric grid. The boiler performance of variable loads should be evaluated in terms of flow, heat transfer, and combustion processes. In this paper, LES was applied to simulate a 660 MW ultra-supercritical boiler under BMCR (boiler maximum continue rate), 75%THA-100, and 50%THA-100 conditions. The predicted gas velocities agree well with the thermal calculation and the temperature error is less than 130 K. The simulation results show that the operation load has significant effects on the boiler performance. It is also proved that LES can provide guidance for the design and operation of advanced coal-fired boilers.     

高温工作InAlSb的MBE生长及器件性能研究

接近室温的更高工作温度是第三代红外探测器发展的重要方向。本文论述了用MBE在InSb(100)衬底上外延生长制备P-i-N型三元In1-xAlxSb薄膜合金材料,并通过制备单元器件进行了验证。采用RHEED振荡和X射线双晶衍射对In1-xAlxSb薄膜的Al组分进行了调控和检测。5.3 μm厚薄膜的FWHM≈50 arcsec,Al组分约1.9%。10 μm×10 μm原子力表面粗糙度RMS≈0.6 nm。制备的单元器件获得了预期的理想效果,为下一步面阵焦平面的制备奠定了基础。     

抽油机变速运行智能控制技术深化研究与应用

探究了抽油机合理的下冲程时间比,建立了多控制目标与自寻优相结合的抽油机井变速运行智能控制模型;应用功率峰值平衡度与功率均值平衡度,提出了判断抽油机井平衡度的新方法,解决了峰值电流法因反向发电而无法准确判断抽油机井平衡度的问题,实现了抽油机井平衡度的实时监测与调整;设计了前端控制与后台云端分析相结合的变速运行控制方案,弥补了抽油机变速运行智能控制技术井况适应区间狭窄,控制策略可变参数单一的局限性,拓展了井况适用范围,取得了良好的节电、增油效果。     

地埋管换热器分区运行对土壤热堆积特性影响的研究

为了缓解埋管区域土壤的热量堆积问题,提出了埋管换热器按内中外、块状、间隔三种分区运行的策略,利用CFD软件建立了10×10的井群换热模型,对地源热泵系统在三种分区与不分区运行策略下运行十年进行数值模拟,分析不同分区运行策略对土壤温度分布和土壤热堆积特性的影响。模拟结果可知:不分区、内中外分区、块状分区、间隔分区四种运行策略下埋管区域的平均温度分别为25.23、23.31、23.06、23.28℃,最高温度分别为40.62、32.77、40.65、38.93℃;分区运行较不分区运行可以有效缓解热堆积作用,埋管区域整体温度较不分区运行时降低了2.00℃左右,内中外分区策略可以显著缓解埋管区域热堆积。     

航空装备保障智能化发展认识与探讨

自新一代人工智能技术迅猛发展以来，世界各国在智能领域动作频繁，军事化应用明显有加速之势，给装备保障带来了变革性发展的机遇。紧密围绕作战-装备-技术-保障之间的依托关系，从作战需求、装备特点、装备设计、诊断测试和技术驱动等五个角度梳理了装备保障发展的关键因素，给出了装备保障60余载发展历程的诸多原因和显著成果；通过对未来作战模式和未来作战平台保障需求的前瞻性判断，分析了未来作战需求和装备牵引装备保障转变的典型技术特征；并在装备保障领域人工智能技术的发展和应用现状总结分析的基础上，系统地提出了装备保障智能化发展的建设性意见和建议，为国内装备保障智能化发展探索了一个可能的技术方向。